فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1399)

Audit firms are subject to market rules, and therefore their profitability depends on the relationship between audit fees and the cost of doing business. The audit market has become highly competitive over the past decades and has grown further behind the current economic crisis. This environment has led to a lot of pressure on the audited clients, and so the pressure exerted by the clients on auditors has also increased. These pressures appear in agreement with audit fees as well as on the authority of the clerk to overshadow the auditor's judgment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the pressure on auditors and their professional (moral) judgments. Pearson correlation, factor analysis, t-student and analysis of variance were used to test the research hypotheses. The statistical population of the study consisted of all persons employed in the audit firms of the member of the public accountants community with a senior senior auditor rank, and the number of samples was estimated using the Cochran formula of 192 people. The results of the findings showed that the size of the auditor and the auditor's experience are inversely related to the pressures of the auditors and have a direct and significant relationship with their professional judgment.

Today, accountants all around the world, use accounting doctorines and share it with others with the idea that what they communicate is nothing but neutral measurement of economic events. What they communicate, however, is based on standards and procedures that bear a specific discourse. In this paper, we search for this subtle discourse in order to determine what is actually transmitted to the audience with the seemingly neutral numbers and in this process, the social punishments are replaced by which peculiar discipline. So we take the statemmenf of “Financial Reporting Theoretical Concepts”, known as Iranian Conceptual Framework, as the basis of Iranian accounting standards as a subject for content and discourse analysis. We show that by dissemination of the financialization discourse embedded in the statement, accountants promote unwritten and unspoken thoughts that take the national economy to a state of annihilation through what we call Absenteeism and Illiability

This paper is aimed to review the effects of financial professional expertise of the audit In this study, we investigated the effect of audit committee members’ financial expertise on the relationship between the environmental risks of the company (including financial risk, operational risk and business risk) and the audit fee of the company. Thus, after explaining the theoretical foundations and implementation of hypotheses of the research, we selected 101 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange TSE) through screening for a period of 7 years (2012-2018). We extracted required data, and then examined the classical assumptions of linear regression. Finally, we tested the implemented hypotheses by using multivariate linear regression. Findings showed that audit committee members’ financial expertise has a negative and significant relationship with audit fee and environmental risks of the company however; such a relationship does not weaken the severity of the direct relationship between environmental risks and the audit fee of the company.

Given the importance of the growth and development of the capital market in a country, knowing the factors that affect people's equity investment can help Capital market development and growth. Myopic Loss Aversion (MLA) is one of the factors introduced by Benartzi and Thaler (1995). In this regard, the present study, after measuring myopia and the loss aversion coefficient of real, active investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange, investigated the effect of Myopic Loss Aversion on equity investing by pooling regression method. The sample consisted of 403 investors who answered the research questions twice in 6 months in 2018. The results of this study indicate that the median value of the loss aversion coefficient for investors is 2.17. The results of this research show that more myopic loss-averse investors that more change and evaluate their stock portfolios; invest less in stocks and more myopic loss-averse investors that less change and evaluate their stock portfolios; invest more in stocks This finding is consistent with the theory of Myopic Loss Aversion. The findings also showed that men invest more in equities than women and fundamental analysts less than technical analysts. This study emphasizes the importance of myopic loss aversion in the stock market and considers the reduction of myopic loss aversion as a factor in increasing equity investment.

The goal of my research is to explore relationship between the cost of capital and CEO turnover with an emphasis on investment opportunities in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. By the expansion of companies, office's owners submit the company to managers. High cost of capital which stems from a poor decision-making in the process of management, might lead on account of sufficient investment to overlook the investments opportunities. Therefore, in a course of assessing the performance of managing committee and decisions concerned them, it might be effective. This research is practical and descriptive-correlative, from the viewpoint of purpose and nature, respectively. In order to achieve my purpose, 188 companies which has been accepted among the Tehran Stock Exchange, during 1387 to 1394 on the basis of systematic sampling-deletion method and overally, in order to perform the analysis, 1504 firm-years is considered. In line with the previous efforts, two assumptions has been cited, and two models: The growth rate of the market value of the total assets and Tobin’s Q have been tested as the representative of investment opportunities. In order to trial the validity of assumptions, we made use of logical regression and compound data. Findings on the basis of Tobin’s Q illustrate that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between cost of capital and CEO turnover. This means that the cost of capital is the explanatory power of the replacement CEO. We also find out that the investment opportunity intensifies the cost of capital and the CEO turnover; however, in the model of growth rate of market value of the total assets, there was no sign between the cost of capital and the CEO turnover.

The main purpose of this study is to investigation the relationship between financial distress and restatement of financial statement for listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Consequently, in this study a sample of 107 nonfinancial listed companies on the TSE from 2010 to 2016 were investigated. Emerging Market Scoring (EMS) model was used for determining the financial distress and bankruptcy risk. In conducting this study, two main hypotheses were proposed. Comparison of means tests (t-test) and multiple linear regression analysis on panel data were used to test these hypotheses. The research results showed that there is no significant difference between the magnitude of financial restatement in financially distressed and non-distressed companies. However, bankruptcy risk is positively related to magnitude of financial restatement. That is, the more the bankruptcy risk, the more magnitude of financial restatement.